Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
For example, given array S = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4], A solution set is: [ [-1, 0, 1], [-1, -1, 2] ]
传入一个数组,需要返回一个set,也就是不重复的集合,每个元素都是一个list,其中list里元素之和为0;一直超时
很容易想到暴力遍历,三层for循环,不过复杂度达到了O(n^3),估计会超时
Java源码
package com.maoxiaomeng;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author lihui
* @date 2018/3/26 12:31
*/
public class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
List<List<Integer>> tempList = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
int len = nums.length;
if (nums == null || len < 3) {
return tempList;
}
Arrays.sort(nums);
int target = 0;
//{-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
//{-4, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2};
//i = 1, j = 1, k = len - 1
for (int i = 0; i < len - 2; i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
target = -nums[i];
for (int j = i + 1; j < len - 1; j++) {
for (int k = j + 1; k < len; k++) {
if (nums[j] + nums[k] == target) {
List<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
myList.add(nums[i]);
myList.add(nums[j]);
myList.add(nums[k]);
if (! tempList.contains(myList)) {
tempList.add(myList);
}
}
}
}
}
return tempList;
}
}
这里有两点:
1:进行排序的目的是下面continue部分,只要是排好序了,如果是相邻两个值一样,那么nums[left]遍历完了之后,nums[right]就不需要遍历了,因此排序好了,那么结果肯定一致,提高性能
2:去掉重复,tempList里已经存在了myList这种组合,就不理了
提交意料之中的超时
往往这种暴力超时的,通过left和right两个指针从两侧逼近一般都能解决
定义left和right两个指针,每次对于nums[i],当三个数字的和>0,right指针左移;如果和<0,left指针右移,其它的没变化
package com.maoxiaomeng;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author lihui
* @date 2018/3/26 12:31
*/
public class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
List<List<Integer>> tempList = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
int len = nums.length;
if (nums == null || len < 3) {
return tempList;
}
Arrays.sort(nums);
int target = 0;
//{-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
//{-4, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2};
//i = 1, j = 1, k = len - 1
for (int i = 0; i < len - 2; i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
target = -nums[i];
int left = i + 1;
int right = len - 1;
while (left < right) {
if (nums[left] + nums[right] > target) {
//nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i] > 0
right--;
} else if (nums[left] + nums[right] < target) {
left++;
} else {
List<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
myList.add(nums[i]);
myList.add(nums[left]);
myList.add(nums[right]);
if (! tempList.contains(myList)) {
tempList.add(myList);
}
left++;
right--;
}
}
}
return tempList;
}
}
提交,居然还是超时了,if和else if每次都要重新计算一次和,定义一个sum变量放在开头计算出来,int sum = nums[left] + nums[right]
package com.maoxiaomeng;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author lihui
* @date 2018/3/26 12:31
*/
public class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
List<List<Integer>> tempList = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
int len = nums.length;
if (nums == null || len < 3) {
return tempList;
}
Arrays.sort(nums);
int target = 0;
//{-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
//{-4, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2};
//i = 1, j = 1, k = len - 1
for (int i = 0; i < len - 2; i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
target = -nums[i];
int left = i + 1;
int right = len - 1;
while (left < right) {
int sum = nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum > target) {
//nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i] > 0
right--;
} else if (sum < target) {
left++;
} else {
List<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
myList.add(nums[i]);
myList.add(nums[left]);
myList.add(nums[right]);
if (! tempList.contains(myList)) {
tempList.add(myList);
}
left++;
right--;
}
}
}
return tempList;
}
}
结果还是超时,看来应该是逻辑里面还有优化的空间
突然想到,最外层循环,相邻两个如果相等,可以continue直接进入下层循环,同样的道理,在left和right指针都向中间逼近的时候,如果也有相邻数字相等的情况,left指针继续右移一位,跳过重复的一层循环,right指针左移一位,跳过重复的一层循环
package com.maoxiaomeng;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author lihui
* @date 2018/3/26 12:31
*/
public class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
List<List<Integer>> tempList = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
int len = nums.length;
if (nums == null || len < 3) {
return tempList;
}
Arrays.sort(nums);
int target = 0;
//{-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
//{-4, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2};
//i = 1, j = 1, k = len - 1
for (int i = 0; i < len - 2; i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
target = -nums[i];
int left = i + 1;
int right = len - 1;
while (left < right) {
int sum = nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum > target) {
//nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i] > 0
right--;
} else if (sum < target) {
left++;
} else {
List<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
myList.add(nums[i]);
myList.add(nums[left]);
myList.add(nums[right]);
if (! tempList.contains(myList)) {
tempList.add(myList);
}
left++;
right--;
while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left - 1]) {
left++;
}
while (left < right && nums[right] == nums[right + 1]) {
right--;
}
}
}
}
return tempList;
}
}
可是居然还是超时了,真无语了
既然新增加了重复的检测,那么基本可以保证每次的myList集合都不一样,那么tempList.contains(myList)的判断就可以不要了
去掉这个判断,神了,还真成功了
package com.maoxiaomeng;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author lihui
* @date 2018/3/26 12:31
*/
public class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
List<List<Integer>> tempList = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
int len = nums.length;
if (nums == null || len < 3) {
return tempList;
}
Arrays.sort(nums);
int target = 0;
//{-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
//{-4, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2};
//i = 1, j = 1, k = len - 1
for (int i = 0; i < len - 2; i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
target = -nums[i];
int left = i + 1;
int right = len - 1;
while (left < right) {
int sum = nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum > target) {
//nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i] > 0
right--;
} else if (sum < target) {
left++;
} else {
List<Integer> myList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
myList.add(nums[i]);
myList.add(nums[left]);
myList.add(nums[right]);
tempList.add(myList);
left++;
right--;
while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left - 1]) {
left++;
}
while (left < right && nums[right] == nums[right + 1]) {
right--;
}
}
}
}
return tempList;
}
}
可见问题的关键还是在内层循环里,也要进行重复的判断
Python的实现,按照Java的葫芦画瓢,是OK的
# /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class Solution(object):
def threeSum(self, nums):
"""
:type nums: List[int]
:rtype: List[List[int]]
"""
temp_list = []
length = len(nums)
if not nums or length < 3:
return temp_list;
nums = sorted(nums)
for i in range(length):
if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i - 1]:
continue
left = i + 1
right = length - 1
while left < right:
sum = nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i]
if sum > 0:
right -= 1
elif sum < 0:
left += 1
else :
my_list = [nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]]
temp_list.append(my_list)
left += 1
right -= 1
while left < right and nums[left] == nums[left - 1]:
left += 1
while left < right and nums[right] == nums[right + 1]:
right -= 1
return temp_list
最后把超时的Case贴一下
Submission Detail
311 / 313 test cases passed.
Status: Time Limit Exceeded
Submitted: 31 minutes ago
Last executed 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